Op-brai150122 2046..2058
نویسندگان
چکیده
Numerous brain imaging studies indicate that the corpus callosum is smaller in older children and adults with autism spectrum disorder. However, there are no published studies examining the morphological development of this connective pathway in infants at-risk for the disorder. Magnetic resonance imaging data were collected from 270 infants at high familial risk for autism spectrum disorder and 108 low-risk controls at 6, 12 and 24 months of age, with 83% of infants contributing two or more data points. Fifty-seven children met criteria for ASD based on clinical-best estimate diagnosis at age 2 years. Corpora callosa were measured for area, length and thickness by automated segmentation. We found significantly increased corpus callosum area and thickness in children with autism spectrum disorder starting at 6 months of age. These differences were particularly robust in the anterior corpus callosum at the 6 and 12 month time points. Regression analysis indicated that radial diffusivity in this region, measured by diffusion tensor imaging, inversely predicted thickness. Measures of area and thickness in the first year of life were correlated with repetitive behaviours at age 2 years. In contrast to work from older children and adults, our findings suggest that the corpus callosum may be larger in infants who go on to develop autism spectrum disorder. This result was apparent with or without adjustment for total brain volume. Although we did not see a significant interaction between group and age, cross-sectional data indicated that area and thickness differences diminish by age 2 years. Regression data incorporating diffusion tensor imaging suggest that microstructural properties of callosal white matter, which includes myelination and axon composition, may explain group differences in morphology.
منابع مشابه
Current concepts in elbow arthroplasty
Distal humeral replacement and the total elbow are two commonly-used arthroplastiesEach prosthesis has evolving indications and surgical techniquesRecent changes in device design and implantation methods are due to biomechanical and clinical outcome-based researchNew prostheses and methods provide: better elbow kinematics, more durable bearings and longer-lasting joint replacement potential Cit...
متن کاملNon-insertional Achilles tendinopathy
Non-insertional Achilles tendinopathy is a degenerative condition characterised by pain on activity.Eccentric stretching is the most effective treatment.Surgical treatment is reserved for recalcitrant cases.Minimally-invasive and tendinoscopic treatments are showing promising results. Cite this article: Pearce CJ, Tan A. Non-insertional Achilles tendinopathy. EFORT Open Rev 2016;1:383-390. DOI:...
متن کاملHaemoglobin expression in human endometrium.
BACKGROUND The general concept that haemoglobin is only a carrier protein for oxygen and carbon dioxide is challenged since recent studies have shown haemoglobin expression in non-erythroid cells and the protection of haemoglobin against oxidative and nitrosative stress. Using microarrays, we previously showed expression of haemoglobins alpha, beta, delta and gamma and the haeme metabolizing en...
متن کامل3D printing: clinical applications in orthopaedics and traumatology
Advances in image processing have led to the clinical use of 3D printing technology, giving the surgeon a realistic physical model of the anatomy upon which he or she will operate.Relying on CT images, the surgeon creates a virtual 3D model of the target anatomy from a series of bi-dimensional images, translating the information contained in CT images into a more usable format.3D printed models...
متن کامل